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Final Statistical Report
LipidShield Study
June 28, 2006
LipidShield Study
June 28, 2006
Performed by
The Ohio Research Group
323 High Street, STE 103
Wadsworth, OH 44281
tel: 330-335-2378
The Ohio Research Group
323 High Street, STE 103
Wadsworth, OH 44281
tel: 330-335-2378
Tim N. Ziegenfuss, Ph.D., Ronald W. Mendel, Ph.D., and Jennifer E. Hofheins, M.S., R.D. Cholesterol-lowering effects of LipidShield™. Ohio Research Group. Wadsworth, Ohio 44281, USA. tim@ohioresearchgroup.com
Objective:
The purpose of this placebo-controlled, double-blind study was to determine the effect of supplementation with a proprietary cholesterol-lowering formula (LipidShield™) on changes in lipid profiles.Methods:
After giving informed consent and being cleared for participation by passing a screening physical, 30 men and women (mean ± SD age, weight, total cholesterol: 39.6 ± 5.8 y, 84.49 ± 16.2 kg, 226 ± 31 mg/dl) were matched according to gender and then randomly assigned to receive either (LipidShield™, LS) or a placebo (P). Following baseline testing, all groups underwent eight weeks of daily supplementation per recommendation by the manufacturer. Blood samples were obtained at baseline, and after 4-weeks (day 28) and 8-weeks (day 56) of supplementation. Subjects were required to maintain their normal dietary and exercise patterns during the study. Data were analyzed via two-way, repeated measures ANOVA and (where necessary) Newman-Keuls post-hoc tests. Statistical significance was accepted at p=0.05.Results:
Total cholesterol decreased in LS from pre to mid (-8.8%; 234.1 ± 34.1 [baseline] to 215.2 ± 35.0 mg/dl [day 28], p<0.0009) and pre to post (-17.3%; 234.1 ± 34.1 [baseline] to 199.6 ± 34.9 mg/dl [day 56], p<0.0001), whereas cholesterol increased from pre to post in P (+6.9%; 218.4 ± 26.4 [baseline] to 234.6 ± 26.8 mg/dl [day 56], p<0.004). LDL-cholesterol decreased from pre to mid (-13.5%; 145.7 ± 29.3 [baseline] to 126.1 ± 28.6 mg/dl [day 28], p<0.001) and pre to post (-16.9%; 145.7 ± 29.3 [baseline] to 121.1 ± 31.1 mg/dl [day 56], p<0.0002) in LS, whereas no changes were noted in P. VLDL-cholesterol tended to decrease in LS from pre to post (-23.6%; 33.9 ± 14.5 [baseline] to 25.9 ± 12.6 mg/dl [day 56], p<0.065). Triacylglycerol (TAG) decreased in LS from pre to post testing (-46.9%; 169.5 ± 72.1 [baseline] to 115.3 ± 42.4 mg/dl [day 56], p<0.009), whereas no changes were noted in P. No changes in HDL-cholesterol, glucose, BUN, creatinine, BUN:creatinine ratio, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, or alanine aminotransferase were noted in either group.Conclusions:
Within the framework of the current experimental design, these preliminary data indicate that eight weeks of LipidShield™ ingestion significantly decreases and improves several aspects of blood lipids (e.g., total cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides) in otherwise healthy, hypercholesterolemic subjects. Based on the lack of changes in standard clinical markers of hepato-renal function, the safety profile of LipidShield™ appears to be acceptable, at least during eight weeks of continuous use. Future research is warranted to confirm and refine these results in a larger sample size, as well as determine the mechanisms responsible for the noted improvements.None of the authors have any conflict of interest.
Descriptive Statistics – Placebo (group X)
|
Valid N |
Mean |
Minimum |
Maximum |
Variance |
SD |
SE |
Age |
15 |
40.4000 |
31.0000 |
49.0000 |
25.686 |
5.06811 |
1.30858 |
Ht |
15 |
66.1333 |
59.0000 |
76.0000 |
19.588 |
4.42584 |
1.14275 |
Wt (pre) |
15 |
83.4600 |
56.8000 |
101.1000 |
164.145 |
12.81193 |
3.30802 |
Wt (mid) |
15 |
83.5867 |
57.1000 |
103.1000 |
174.040 |
13.19241 |
3.40627 |
Wt (post) |
15 |
83.5000 |
56.9000 |
102.8000 |
179.414 |
13.39456 |
3.45846 |
Systolic (pre) |
15 |
127.8000 |
102.0000 |
155.0000 |
225.314 |
15.01047 |
3.87569 |
Systolic (mid) |
15 |
127.3333 |
102.0000 |
154.0000 |
203.524 |
14.26618 |
3.68351 |
Systolic (post) |
15 |
129.4667 |
102.0000 |
159.0000 |
277.124 |
16.64704 |
4.29825 |
Diastolic (pre) |
15 |
81.2000 |
60.0000 |
94.0000 |
119.029 |
10.91002 |
2.81696 |
Diastolic (mid) |
15 |
82.6000 |
65.0000 |
94.0000 |
86.971 |
9.32585 |
2.40792 |
Diastolic (post) |
15 |
80.4000 |
61.0000 |
96.0000 |
112.543 |
10.60862 |
2.73913 |
Total Chol (pre) |
15 |
218.4000 |
195.0000 |
301.0000 |
698.400 |
26.42726 |
6.82349 |
Total Chol (mid) |
15 |
220.9333 |
181.0000 |
296.0000 |
886.924 |
29.78127 |
7.68949 |
Total Chol (post) |
15 |
234.6000 |
192.0000 |
296.0000 |
716.686 |
26.77099 |
6.91224 |
TAG (pre) |
15 |
127.0667 |
52.0000 |
234.0000 |
2878.067 |
53.64762 |
13.85175 |
TAG (mid) |
15 |
120.6000 |
57.0000 |
205.0000 |
2152.686 |
46.39704 |
11.97967 |
TAG (post) |
15 |
147.9333 |
67.0000 |
332.0000 |
6068.352 |
77.89963 |
20.11360 |
HDL (pre) |
15 |
53.0667 |
41.0000 |
77.0000 |
85.067 |
9.22316 |
2.38141 |
HDL (mid) |
15 |
56.3333 |
35.0000 |
105.0000 |
241.095 |
15.52724 |
4.00912 |
HDL (post) |
15 |
56.4667 |
35.0000 |
105.0000 |
248.410 |
15.76101 |
4.06948 |
VLDL (pre) |
15 |
25.3333 |
10.0000 |
47.0000 |
118.238 |
10.87373 |
2.80759 |
VLDL (mid) |
15 |
24.0000 |
11.0000 |
41.0000 |
85.143 |
9.22729 |
2.38248 |
VLDL (post) |
15 |
27.8667 |
13.0000 |
66.0000 |
238.410 |
15.44052 |
3.98672 |
LDL (pre) |
15 |
131.2000 |
36.0000 |
194.0000 |
1012.029 |
31.81240 |
8.21393 |
LDL (mid) |
15 |
131.6667 |
37.0000 |
199.0000 |
1054.952 |
32.48003 |
8.38631 |
LDL (post) |
15 |
141.2000 |
37.0000 |
199.0000 |
1444.600 |
38.00789 |
9.81360 |
Glucose (pre) |
15 |
92.7333 |
83.0000 |
108.0000 |
42.924 |
6.55163 |
1.69162 |
Glucose (mid) |
15 |
92.1333 |
80.0000 |
105.0000 |
60.267 |
7.76316 |
2.00444 |
Glucose (post) |
15 |
92.4667 |
78.0000 |
116.0000 |
105.552 |
10.27387 |
2.65270 |
BUN (pre) |
15 |
14.1333 |
9.0000 |
22.0000 |
21.838 |
4.67312 |
1.20660 |
BUN (mid) |
15 |
15.0667 |
9.0000 |
25.0000 |
22.067 |
4.69752 |
1.21289 |
BUN (post) |
15 |
16.2000 |
10.0000 |
30.0000 |
33.314 |
5.77185 |
1.49029 |
Creatinine (pre) |
15 |
0.9733 |
0.7000 |
1.6000 |
0.068 |
0.26040 |
0.06724 |
Creatinine (mid) |
15 |
0.9467 |
0.7000 |
1.5000 |
0.057 |
0.23865 |
0.06162 |
Creatinine (post) |
15 |
0.9467 |
0.7000 |
1.4000 |
0.038 |
0.19591 |
0.05058 |
B/C ratio (Pre) |
15 |
14.5333 |
11.0000 |
20.0000 |
6.267 |
2.50333 |
0.64636 |
B/C ratio (Mid) |
15 |
16.3333 |
12.0000 |
23.0000 |
13.381 |
3.65800 |
0.94449 |
B/C ratio (Post) |
15 |
17.0000 |
12.0000 |
23.0000 |
11.571 |
3.40168 |
0.87831 |
Bilirubin (pre) |
15 |
0.4467 |
0.2000 |
0.8000 |
0.028 |
0.16847 |
0.04350 |
Bilirubin (mid) |
15 |
0.4533 |
0.2000 |
0.9000 |
0.041 |
0.20307 |
0.05243 |
Bilirubin (post) |
15 |
0.5600 |
0.2000 |
0.8000 |
0.041 |
0.20284 |
0.05237 |
Alkaline Phos (pre) |
15 |
69.0667 |
44.0000 |
88.0000 |
183.638 |
13.55131 |
3.49893 |
Alkaline Phos (mid) |
15 |
70.0000 |
50.0000 |
92.0000 |
181.714 |
13.48014 |
3.48056 |
Alkaline Phos (post) |
15 |
68.0000 |
44.0000 |
89.0000 |
182.429 |
13.50661 |
3.48739 |
AST (Pre) |
15 |
26.8667 |
12.0000 |
50.0000 |
117.267 |
10.82897 |
2.79603 |
AST (mid) |
15 |
27.2667 |
13.0000 |
54.0000 |
116.638 |
10.79991 |
2.78853 |
AST (Post) |
15 |
25.0667 |
16.0000 |
37.0000 |
35.352 |
5.94579 |
1.53520 |
ALT (Pre) |
15 |
24.4667 |
11.0000 |
38.0000 |
83.552 |
9.14070 |
2.36012 |
ALT (mid) |
15 |
24.3333 |
13.0000 |
40.0000 |
100.381 |
10.01903 |
2.58690 |
ALT (Post) |
15 |
23.1333 |
10.0000 |
42.0000 |
77.124 |
8.78202 |
2.26751 |
Descriptive Statistics – LipidShield (group Y)
|
Valid N |
Mean |
Minimum |
Maximum |
Variance |
SD |
SE |
Age |
15 |
38.8667 |
29.0000 |
48.0000 |
43.838 |
6.62103 |
1.70954 |
Ht |
15 |
66.7000 |
62.0000 |
74.0000 |
13.850 |
3.72156 |
0.96090 |
Wt (pre) |
15 |
85.5200 |
59.7000 |
136.4000 |
374.653 |
19.35596 |
4.99769 |
Wt (mid) |
15 |
85.3267 |
59.9000 |
137.0000 |
378.806 |
19.46295 |
5.02531 |
Wt (post) |
15 |
85.0933 |
60.3000 |
137.1000 |
381.144 |
19.52290 |
5.04079 |
Systolic (pre) |
15 |
134.2000 |
110.0000 |
159.0000 |
173.171 |
13.15946 |
3.39776 |
Systolic (mid) |
15 |
130.8000 |
104.0000 |
151.0000 |
158.029 |
12.57094 |
3.24580 |
Systolic (post) |
15 |
129.8000 |
103.0000 |
156.0000 |
199.314 |
14.11787 |
3.64522 |
Diastolic (pre) |
15 |
82.2667 |
72.0000 |
93.0000 |
47.638 |
6.90204 |
1.78210 |
Diastolic (mid) |
15 |
80.8000 |
70.0000 |
93.0000 |
52.886 |
7.27226 |
1.87769 |
Diastolic (post) |
15 |
79.0667 |
68.0000 |
89.0000 |
46.638 |
6.82921 |
1.76329 |
Total Chol (pre) |
15 |
234.0667 |
198.0000 |
296.0000 |
1160.638 |
34.06814 |
8.79636 |
Total Chol (mid) |
15 |
215.2000 |
174.0000 |
308.0000 |
1225.600 |
35.00857 |
9.03917 |
Total Chol (post) |
15 |
199.6000 |
156.0000 |
289.0000 |
1222.400 |
34.96284 |
9.02737 |
TAG (pre) |
15 |
169.4667 |
62.0000 |
308.0000 |
5192.838 |
72.06135 |
18.60616 |
TAG (mid) |
15 |
157.0000 |
68.0000 |
326.0000 |
5830.286 |
76.35631 |
19.71511 |
TAG (post) |
15 |
115.2667 |
73.0000 |
212.0000 |
1795.352 |
42.37160 |
10.94030 |
HDL (pre) |
15 |
54.4000 |
35.0000 |
76.0000 |
200.686 |
14.16636 |
3.65774 |
HDL (mid) |
15 |
54.8000 |
37.0000 |
77.0000 |
173.743 |
13.18116 |
3.40336 |
HDL (post) |
15 |
52.6000 |
26.0000 |
77.0000 |
193.543 |
13.91197 |
3.59205 |
VLDL (pre) |
15 |
33.9333 |
12.0000 |
62.0000 |
210.924 |
14.52322 |
3.74988 |
VLDL (mid) |
15 |
34.2667 |
14.0000 |
74.0000 |
349.067 |
18.68333 |
4.82401 |
VLDL (post) |
15 |
25.9333 |
15.0000 |
58.0000 |
159.210 |
12.61783 |
3.25791 |
LDL (pre) |
15 |
145.7333 |
101.0000 |
198.0000 |
860.495 |
29.33420 |
7.57406 |
LDL (mid) |
15 |
126.1333 |
100.0000 |
207.0000 |
819.695 |
28.63032 |
7.39232 |
LDL (post) |
15 |
121.0667 |
89.0000 |
198.0000 |
967.067 |
31.09770 |
8.02939 |
Glucose (pre) |
15 |
92.6667 |
78.0000 |
111.0000 |
104.381 |
10.21670 |
2.63794 |
Glucose (mid) |
15 |
91.0000 |
81.0000 |
101.0000 |
44.000 |
6.63325 |
1.71270 |
Glucose (post) |
15 |
90.4000 |
74.0000 |
117.0000 |
85.543 |
9.24894 |
2.38807 |
BUN (pre) |
15 |
13.4000 |
6.0000 |
27.0000 |
24.829 |
4.98283 |
1.28656 |
BUN (mid) |
15 |
14.4667 |
9.0000 |
25.0000 |
23.838 |
4.88243 |
1.26064 |
BUN (post) |
15 |
13.6000 |
8.0000 |
23.0000 |
16.971 |
4.11964 |
1.06369 |
Creatinine (pre) |
15 |
1.0000 |
0.6000 |
2.6000 |
0.211 |
0.45981 |
0.11872 |
Creatinine (mid) |
15 |
0.9067 |
0.7000 |
1.2000 |
0.021 |
0.14376 |
0.03712 |
Creatinine (post) |
15 |
0.9200 |
0.7000 |
1.3000 |
0.027 |
0.16562 |
0.04276 |
B/C ratio (Pre) |
15 |
14.6667 |
6.0000 |
30.0000 |
40.524 |
6.36583 |
1.64365 |
B/C ratio (Mid) |
15 |
15.8667 |
9.0000 |
25.0000 |
20.981 |
4.58050 |
1.18268 |
B/C ratio (Post) |
15 |
14.8000 |
10.0000 |
25.0000 |
17.029 |
4.12657 |
1.06548 |
Bilirubin (pre) |
15 |
0.4533 |
0.3000 |
0.8000 |
0.037 |
0.19223 |
0.04963 |
Bilirubin (mid) |
15 |
0.4467 |
0.2000 |
0.8000 |
0.030 |
0.17265 |
0.04458 |
Bilirubin (post) |
15 |
0.4133 |
0.2000 |
0.8000 |
0.040 |
0.19952 |
0.05152 |
Alkaline Phos (pre) |
15 |
71.6000 |
42.0000 |
93.0000 |
202.257 |
14.22171 |
3.67203 |
Alkaline Phos (mid) |
15 |
70.0667 |
42.0000 |
96.0000 |
278.210 |
16.67961 |
4.30666 |
Alkaline Phos (post) |
15 |
69.8667 |
45.0000 |
96.0000 |
189.981 |
13.78336 |
3.55885 |
AST (Pre) |
15 |
23.4000 |
16.0000 |
42.0000 |
52.971 |
7.27815 |
1.87921 |
AST (mid) |
15 |
22.6000 |
13.0000 |
34.0000 |
24.114 |
4.91063 |
1.26792 |
AST (Post) |
15 |
21.3333 |
9.0000 |
33.0000 |
37.952 |
6.16055 |
1.59065 |
ALT (Pre) |
15 |
25.2000 |
11.0000 |
59.0000 |
192.314 |
13.86774 |
3.58064 |
ALT (mid) |
15 |
23.4000 |
9.0000 |
39.0000 |
51.829 |
7.19921 |
1.85883 |
ALT (Post) |
15 |
20.2000 |
7.0000 |
39.0000 |
87.029 |
9.32891 |
2.40871 |
Inferential Statistics
Independent t-tests were used to test for between group differences at baseline (none were found, although trends were noted for TAG and VLDL).
|
Mean X |
Mean Y |
t-value |
df |
p |
Wt (pre) |
83.4600 |
85.5200 |
-0.34372 |
28 |
0.733628 |
Systolic (pre) |
127.8000 |
134.2000 |
-1.24171 |
28 |
0.224646 |
Diastolic (pre) |
81.2000 |
82.2667 |
-0.32000 |
28 |
0.751344 |
Total Chol (pre) |
218.4000 |
234.0667 |
-1.40727 |
28 |
0.170351 |
TAG (pre) |
127.0667 |
169.4667 |
-1.82789 |
28 |
0.078240 |
HDL (pre) |
53.0667 |
54.4000 |
-0.30548 |
28 |
0.762257 |
VLDL (pre) |
25.3333 |
33.9333 |
-1.83586 |
28 |
0.077020 |
LDL (pre) |
131.2000 |
145.7333 |
-1.30076 |
28 |
0.203945 |
Glucose (pre) |
92.7333 |
92.6667 |
0.02127 |
28 |
0.983178 |
BUN (pre) |
14.1333 |
13.4000 |
0.41576 |
28 |
0.680754 |
Creatinine (pre) |
0.9733 |
1.0000 |
-0.19545 |
28 |
0.846455 |
B/C ratio (Pre) |
14.5333 |
14.6667 |
-0.07549 |
28 |
0.940359 |
Bilirubin (pre) |
0.4467 |
0.4533 |
-0.10102 |
28 |
0.920258 |
Alkaline Phos (pre) |
69.0667 |
71.6000 |
-0.49946 |
28 |
0.621355 |
AST (Pre) |
26.8667 |
23.4000 |
1.02903 |
28 |
0.312272 |
ALT (Pre) |
24.4667 |
25.2000 |
-0.17100 |
28 |
0.865453 |
Interpretation:
No significant differences between groups over time were noted for this variable (body weight).
Newman-Keuls test; variable DV_1 (LipidShield Final Data) Approximate Probabilities for Post Hoc Tests Error: Between; Within; Pooled MS = 985.11, df = 34.938 |
||||||||
|
Grp |
TIME |
{1} |
{2} |
{3} |
{4} |
{5} |
{6} |
1 |
x |
Total Chol (pre) |
|
0.585254 |
0.004898 |
0.684451 |
0.781854 |
0.242638 |
2 |
x |
Total Chol (mid) |
0.585254 |
|
0.012359 |
0.259711 |
0.949934 |
0.263032 |
3 |
x |
Total Chol (post) |
0.004898 |
0.012359 |
|
0.963256 |
0.451453 |
0.442212 |
4 |
y |
Total Chol (pre) |
0.684451 |
0.259711 |
0.963256 |
|
0.000909 |
0.000129 |
5 |
y |
Total Chol (mid) |
0.781854 |
0.949934 |
0.451453 |
0.000909 |
|
0.001440 |
6 |
y |
Total Chol (post) |
0.242638 |
0.263032 |
0.442212 |
0.000129 |
0.001440 |
|
Interpretation:
Subjects in group Y (LipidShield) had significant decreases in their total cholesterol from pre to mid, and pre to post testing. Also, subjects in group X (placebo) had a significant increase in their total cholesterol from pre to post testing.
Newman-Keuls test; variable DV_1 (LipidShield Final Data) Approximate Probabilities for Post Hoc Tests Error: Between; Within; Pooled MS = 3986.3, df = 51.208 |
||||||||
|
Grp |
TIME |
{1} |
{2} |
{3} |
{4} |
{5} |
{6} |
1 |
x |
TAG (pre) |
|
0.672083 |
0.175120 |
0.595415 |
0.402674 |
0.866007 |
2 |
x |
TAG (mid) |
0.672083 |
|
0.179199 |
0.227752 |
0.703590 |
0.818092 |
3 |
x |
TAG (post) |
0.175120 |
0.179199 |
|
0.621562 |
0.695881 |
0.767181 |
4 |
y |
TAG (pre) |
0.595415 |
0.227752 |
0.621562 |
|
0.415446 |
0.009372 |
5 |
y |
TAG (mid) |
0.402674 |
0.703590 |
0.695881 |
0.415446 |
|
0.059599 |
6 |
y |
TAG (post) |
0.866007 |
0.818092 |
0.767181 |
0.009372 |
0.059599 |
|
Interpretation:
Subjects in group Y (LipidShield) had significant decreases in their triglycerides (TAG) from pre to post testing.
Interpretation:
No significant differences between groups over time were noted for this variable(HDL).
|
Grp |
TIME |
{1} |
{2} |
{3} |
{4} |
{5} |
{6} |
1 |
x |
VLDL (pre) |
|
0.703933 |
0.749213 |
0.643785 |
0.407951 |
0.906513 |
2 |
x |
VLDL (mid) |
0.703933 |
|
0.686108 |
0.301523 |
0.721157 |
0.923440 |
3 |
x |
VLDL (post) |
0.749213 |
0.686108 |
|
0.237640 |
0.423832 |
0.792733 |
4 |
y |
VLDL (pre) |
0.643785 |
0.301523 |
0.237640 |
|
0.924334 |
0.065164 |
5 |
y |
VLDL (mid) |
0.407951 |
0.721157 |
0.423832 |
0.924334 |
|
0.091156 |
6 |
y |
VLDL (post) |
0.906513 |
0.923440 |
0.792733 |
0.065164 |
0.091156 |
|
Interpretation:
Although the p-value for the ANOVA was significant (p<0.03 - see top of graph), post-hoc testing only revealed a trend (p<0.065) for a decrease in VLDL in group Y (LipidShield) from pre to post testing.
Newman-Keuls test; variable DV_1 (LipidShield Final Data) Approximate Probabilities for Post Hoc Tests Error: Between; Within; Pooled MS = 1026.5, df = 34.995 |
||||||||
|
Grp |
TIME |
{1} |
{2} |
{3} |
{4} |
{5} |
{6} |
1 |
x |
LDL (pre) |
|
0.921812 |
0.095879 |
0.871792 |
0.667730 |
0.664940 |
2 |
x |
LDL (mid) |
0.921812 |
|
0.048596 |
0.459782 |
0.955086 |
0.801767 |
3 |
x |
LDL (post) |
0.095879 |
0.048596 |
|
0.700863 |
0.576661 |
0.828712 |
4 |
y |
LDL (pre) |
0.871792 |
0.459782 |
0.700863 |
|
0.001167 |
0.000169 |
5 |
y |
LDL (mid) |
0.667730 |
0.955086 |
0.576661 |
0.001167 |
|
0.288464 |
6 |
y |
LDL (post) |
0.664940 |
0.801767 |
0.828712 |
0.000169 |
0.288464 |
|
Interpretation:
Subjects in group Y (LipidShield) had significant decreases in their LDL from pre to mid, and pre to post testing.
Interpretation:
No significant differences between groups over time were noted for this variable (glucose).
Interpretation:
No significant differences between groups over time were noted for this variable (B/C ratio).
Newman-Keuls test; variable DV_1 (LipidShield Final Data) Approximate Probabilities for Post Hoc Tests Error: Between; Within; Pooled MS = .03622, df = 46.646 |
||||||||
|
Grp |
TIME |
{1} |
{2} |
{3} |
{4} |
{5} |
{6} |
1 |
x |
Bilirubin (pre) |
|
0.874882 |
0.045106 |
0.997832 |
1.000000 |
0.881303 |
2 |
x |
Bilirubin (mid) |
0.874882 |
|
0.037181 |
1.000000 |
0.997832 |
0.938974 |
3 |
x |
Bilirubin (post) |
0.045106 |
0.037181 |
|
0.131683 |
0.485943 |
0.725483 |
4 |
y |
Bilirubin (pre) |
0.997832 |
1.000000 |
0.131683 |
|
0.998637 |
0.876036 |
5 |
y |
Bilirubin (mid) |
1.000000 |
0.997832 |
0.485943 |
0.998637 |
|
0.432129 |
6 |
y |
Bilirubin (post) |
0.881303 |
0.938974 |
0.725483 |
0.876036 |
0.432129 |
|
Interpretation:
Subjects in group X (placebo) had significant increases in bilirubin from pre to post testing.
Interpretation:
No significant differences between groups over time were noted for this variable (Alkaline Phos).
Interpretation:
No significant differences between groups over time were noted for this variable (AST).